{"id":26901,"date":"2024-02-06T16:11:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-07T00:11:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/?page_id=26901"},"modified":"2026-03-03T06:04:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T14:04:41","slug":"teen-development","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/grownups\/teen-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Como os adolescentes e pr\u00e9-adolescentes se desenvolvem: um per\u00edodo de descobertas e oportunidades."},"content":{"rendered":"<figure itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adolescents-lined-up-on-steps-thinking-about-opportunities.jpg\" alt=\"Adolescents lined up on steps thinking about opportunities\" height=\"5687\" width=\"8531\" title=\"Grupo de jovens sentados em uma fileira na\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t<\/figure>\n\t<h1>DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ADOLESCENTES E PR\u00c9-ADOLESCENTES<\/h1>\n\t<h2>Oportunidade e Descoberta<\/h2>\n<p>Adolescence\u00a0 &#8212; the years between age 10 to about 25 &#8211; is a period of remarkable opportunity. It is a stage of rapid growth, development and learning as<i>\u00a0<\/i>descobrimos e nos adaptamos ao mundo ao nosso redor.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Neste per\u00edodo de descoberta, forjamos nossa no\u00e7\u00e3o de quem somos e de quem aspiramos ser. Aprendemos a tomar decis\u00f5es, a administrar nossas emo\u00e7\u00f5es e a criar conex\u00f5es mais profundas com colegas, parceiros rom\u00e2nticos e nossas comunidades. Tamb\u00e9m come\u00e7amos a descobrir o mundo ao nosso redor, \u00e0 medida que desenvolvemos interesses, paix\u00f5es e objetivos significativos que moldam nossas vidas adultas.<\/p>\n\t<h2>Desenvolvimento cerebral em adolescentes e pr\u00e9-adolescentes<\/h2>\n<p>Adolescence is another important time for building strong brains. We are rapidly learning in ways that naturally adapt to the relationships, environments and experiences around us. This makes this time a key window for learning and discovery &#8211; as well as a time to mitigate the effects of earlier <a href=\"\/pt\/grownups\/developmental-challenges\/\">adversidade<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Com o advento dos aparelhos de resson\u00e2ncia magn\u00e9tica, agora podemos ver como a estrutura do c\u00e9rebro est\u00e1 se desenvolvendo e os cientistas aprenderam muito para nos ajudar a entender o desenvolvimento do c\u00e9rebro dos adolescentes. <\/p>\n<figure data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-animation-duration=\"1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Dad-helping-teens-brain-grow-by-talking-to-him-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Dad helping teen&#039;s brain grow by talking to him\" height=\"1924\" width=\"2560\" title=\"Retrato de um filho adolescente feliz conversando com seu\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t<\/figure>\n\t\t<h3><a href=\"#adolescent\" target=\"_self\">1. Os c\u00e9rebros dos adolescentes s\u00e3o constru\u00eddos sobre a base da primeira inf\u00e2ncia.<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#adolescent\"  target=\"_self\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContinue lendo\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<h3><a href=\"#teenager\" target=\"_self\">2. Teenagers&#8217; brains are still under construction and work differently than adult brains.<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#teenager\"  target=\"_self\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContinue lendo\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<h3><a href=\"#remodeling\" target=\"_self\">3. The teen brain goes through a period of &#8220;remodeling.&#8221;<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#remodeling\"  target=\"_self\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContinue lendo\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<h3><a href=\"#brain-development\" target=\"_self\">4. A maneira como os adolescentes passam o tempo \u00e9 fundamental para o desenvolvimento do c\u00e9rebro.<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#brain-development\"  target=\"_self\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContinue lendo\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<h3><a href=\"#brain-circuitry\" target=\"_self\">5. Circuitos cerebrais mais r\u00e1pidos s\u00e3o criados para permitir o desenvolvimento de habilidades de n\u00edvel superior.<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#brain-circuitry\"  target=\"_self\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContinue lendo\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<h3><a href=\"#risks\" target=\"_self\">6. Os adolescentes avaliam riscos e recompensas de forma diferente dos adultos.<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#risks\"  target=\"_self\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContinue lendo\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n<figure data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-animation-duration=\"1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/teens-taking-selfies.jpg\" alt=\"teens taking selfies\" height=\"800\" width=\"1200\" title=\"adolescentes tirando selfies\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t<\/figure>\n\t<h2>1. Os c\u00e9rebros dos adolescentes s\u00e3o constru\u00eddos sobre a base da primeira inf\u00e2ncia.<\/h2>\n<p>Essa base inclui relacionamentos, experi\u00eancias e os ambientes que moldam a arquitetura do c\u00e9rebro. Estes continuam sendo fundamentalmente importantes na adolesc\u00eancia e pr\u00e9-adolesc\u00eancia.<\/p>\n<p>Algum estresse faz parte da vida. Mas, experi\u00eancias altamente estressantes, como uma experi\u00eancia traum\u00e1tica ou outra <a href=\"\/pt\/grownups\/aces\/\">experi\u00eancias adversas na inf\u00e2ncia<\/a> can derail a teenager&#8217;s healthy development if they don&#8217;t have the support they need from a caring adult. That&#8217;s when it becomes toxic stress, and it means the child&#8217;s body goes into a state of high alert.<\/p>\n<p>Os adolescentes precisam de adultos atenciosos e receptivos em casa e na comunidade para apoiar um desenvolvimento saud\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, os adolescentes continuam a desenvolver suas <a href=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/grownups\/early-years\/#regulation\">habilidades de fun\u00e7\u00e3o executiva aprendidas pela primeira vez nos primeiros anos<\/a>. They&#8217;re critical to building <a href=\"\/pt\/grownups\/resilience\/\">resili\u00eancia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<h2>2. Teenagers&#8217; brains are still under construction and work differently than adult brains.<\/h2>\n<p>Many parents complain that their teen is &#8220;moody&#8221; or &#8220;impulsive.&#8221; There are biological, real reasons why your teen may be moody or impulsive &#8211; and it&#8217;s not all about &#8220;raging hormones.&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Adultos pensam com a parte do c\u00e9rebro chamada c\u00f3rtex pr\u00e9-frontal, respons\u00e1vel pela tomada de decis\u00f5es racionais. O c\u00f3rtex pr\u00e9-frontal responde a situa\u00e7\u00f5es com julgamento racional e considera as consequ\u00eancias a longo prazo.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Adolescentes <b>processar informa\u00e7\u00f5es com a am\u00edgdala, a parte emocional do c\u00e9rebro.<\/b>\u00a0 As conex\u00f5es entre o centro emocional do c\u00e9rebro e o centro de tomada de decis\u00f5es ainda est\u00e3o se desenvolvendo no c\u00e9rebro do adolescente.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>You may notice at times that your teen&#8217;s thinking and behaviors seem quite mature, and at others not so much. That&#8217;s because the prefrontal cortex is one of the last parts of the brain to fully mature.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-animation-duration=\"1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Visual-image-of-teenage-brain-under-construction-and-the-emotions.jpg\" alt=\"Girl looking up at drawing of brain with various colors for emotions\" height=\"1518\" width=\"2000\" title=\"Cabe\u00e7a de adolescente loira e conceito de pensamento criativo\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t<\/figure>\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dISmdb5zfiQ?si=1n3tCXe4Z3_CvbTs\" title=\"Reprodutor de v\u00eddeo do YouTube\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t<h2>3. The teen brain goes through a period of &#8220;remodeling.&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p>Assim como reformamos casas conforme nossas fam\u00edlias crescem e mudam, o c\u00e9rebro adolescente passa por uma fase de remodela\u00e7\u00e3o. Isso o ajuda a se preparar para todas as novas fun\u00e7\u00f5es que precisar\u00e1 assumir como adulto independente.<\/p>\n<p>Essa remodela\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m integra e conecta com mais efici\u00eancia diferentes regi\u00f5es do c\u00e9rebro, o que aumenta a capacidade de tomada de decis\u00e3o. Essa remodela\u00e7\u00e3o leva tempo.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Connections between the emotional brain and the brain&#8217;s decision-making centers are still developing and won&#8217;t fully develop until age 25-30.<\/p>\n\t<h2>4. A maneira como os adolescentes passam o tempo \u00e9 fundamental para o desenvolvimento do c\u00e9rebro.<\/h2>\n<p>During the teen and tween years, the brain begins to &#8220;prune&#8221; itself, carving away circuits that are not being used and strengthening those that are. This &#8220;pruning&#8221; of the adolescent brain is a &#8220;use it or lose it&#8221; proposition. <\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s important to consider the range of activities and experiences your child is into and exposed to &#8211; music, sports, study, languages and video games. How are these experiences shaping the brain your child will take into and need as an adult?<\/p>\n\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0O1u5OEc5eY?si=cAVi7SyxcbQ2EC82\" title=\"Reprodutor de v\u00eddeo do YouTube\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<figure data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-animation-duration=\"1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/teenager-playing-the-trumpet-helping-brain-develop-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Kid playing the trumpet\" height=\"1707\" width=\"2560\" title=\"Masculino, Aluno, Tocando, Trompete, No, Ensino M\u00e9dio, Orquestra\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t<\/figure>\n\t<h2>5. Circuitos cerebrais mais r\u00e1pidos s\u00e3o criados para permitir o desenvolvimento de habilidades de n\u00edvel superior.<\/h2>\n<p>That process is called Myelin formation, and it occurs in the front part of the brain that is connected to your teen&#8217;s thinking, learning, understanding and remembering abilities.<\/p>\n<p>Em particular, a mieliniza\u00e7\u00e3o os ajuda em fun\u00e7\u00f5es cr\u00edticas <a href=\"\/pt\/grownups\/early-years\/#regulation\">executive function or &#8220;air traffic control&#8221; skills<\/a>, como planejamento, racioc\u00ednio e tomada de decis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/harvardcenter.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Activities-for-Adolescents.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Experimente estes<\/a> atividades de fun\u00e7\u00f5es executivas para adolescentes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t<h2>6. Os adolescentes avaliam riscos e recompensas de forma diferente dos adultos.<\/h2>\n<p>The adolescent brain is more sensitive to two neurotransmitters (the body&#8217;s chemical messengers):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dopamine &#8211; involved in reward circuits in the brain\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>oxytocin &#8211; which facilitates bonding and makes social connections more rewarding.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This sensitivity to both dopamine and oxytocin helps explain why adolescents seek peers and excitement in their lives &#8211; even people and experiences that could end up actually harming them.<\/p>\n<figure data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-animation-duration=\"1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Adolescents-with-skateboardsand-weighing-risks-and-rewards.jpg\" alt=\"Adolescents with skateboards weighing risks and rewards\" height=\"800\" width=\"1200\" title=\"Adolescentes com skates discutem riscos e benef\u00edcios.\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t<\/figure>\n<figure data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-animation-duration=\"1\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Teen-listening-to-music.jpg\" alt=\"Teen listening to music\" height=\"800\" width=\"1200\" title=\"Adolescente ouvindo m\u00fasica\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t<\/figure>\n<figure itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MEC-Icons_idea.svg\" alt=\"Light bulb icon for information\" height=\"300\" width=\"300\" title=\"MEC-\u00cdcones_ideia\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t<\/figure>\n\t<h3>Ajudando adolescentes a lidar com as emo\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h3>\n\t<p>Ent\u00e3o, como voc\u00ea pode ajudar os adolescentes a fortalecer as conex\u00f5es entre as partes emocionais e de tomada de decis\u00f5es do c\u00e9rebro?<\/p>\n<p>Voc\u00ea pode incentivar seu filho adolescente a tentar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">di\u00e1rio<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">breathing exercises (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.edutopia.org\/article\/emotional-regulation-activities-tweens-and-teens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respira\u00e7\u00f5es de bolhas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedars-sinai.org\/blog\/five-deep-breathing-exercises-for-kids-and-teens.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respira\u00e7\u00e3o de biscoito<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedars-sinai.org\/blog\/five-deep-breathing-exercises-for-kids-and-teens.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respira\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedars-sinai.org\/blog\/five-deep-breathing-exercises-for-kids-and-teens.html#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">respira\u00e7\u00e3o abdominal<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">relaxamento muscular progressivo<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">uma \u00e1rea de resfriamento<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">exerc\u00edcio de escrita com afirma\u00e7\u00f5es positivas<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Envolvendo os cinco sentidos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Interessado em alguma dessas t\u00e9cnicas? Aprenda como implement\u00e1-las em sua fam\u00edlia, sala de aula ou grupo comunit\u00e1rio com exemplos de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edutopia.org\/article\/emotional-regulation-activities-tweens-and-teens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edutopia<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedars-sinai.org\/blog\/five-deep-breathing-exercises-for-kids-and-teens.html#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cedros Sinai<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\n\t\t\tO que os pais e os adultos respons\u00e1veis podem fazer?\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<h3>1. Proporcione relacionamentos seguros, est\u00e1veis e nutritivos.<\/h3><p>Este \u00e9 um dos fatores mais importantes que ajudam as crian\u00e7as a prosperar. Pode ajud\u00e1-las a tolerar o estresse, mesmo o severo, porque <a href=\"\/pt\/grownups\/protective-factors\/\">ajuda-os a amortecer o impacto negativo<\/a>. <\/p>\n\t\t<h3>2. Ajude seu filho adolescente a reformular o estresse, os desafios e as frustra\u00e7\u00f5es como oportunidades.<\/h3><p><a href=\"\/pt\/grownups\/teen-challenges\/\">Don&#8217;t deny their feelings of frustration<\/a>. Lembre-os de que eles s\u00e3o competentes e resilientes e ressalte os momentos dif\u00edceis do passado que deram certo com o tempo.<\/p>\n\t\t<h3>3. Quando seu filho adolescente vier at\u00e9 voc\u00ea com um problema, pergunte se ele quer que voc\u00ea responda ou apenas ou\u00e7a.<\/h3><p>Evite dar conselhos precipitadamente para tentar resolver o problema ou atribuir culpas. Isso diminuir\u00e1 a probabilidade de que a pessoa venha falar abertamente com voc\u00ea no futuro.<\/p>\n\t\t<h3>4. Incentive seu filho adolescente a explorar experi\u00eancias saud\u00e1veis.<\/h3><p>Those could be challenging enrichment classes, music, art and sports to explore the world and take healthy risks to test out new ideas and experiences. <\/p>\n\t\t<h3>5. Procure cen\u00e1rios do mundo real para habilidades de tomada de decis\u00e3o e regula\u00e7\u00e3o emocional.<\/h3><p>Ajude-os a pensar nos pr\u00f3s e contras e nas poss\u00edveis consequ\u00eancias de suas a\u00e7\u00f5es e explore o desenvolvimento de um plano A e B para responder a diferentes cen\u00e1rios.<\/p>\n\t\t<h3>6. Ajude seu filho adolescente a encontrar oportunidades de voluntariado.<\/h3><p>Isso ajuda a desenvolver um senso de significado e prop\u00f3sito, uma caracter\u00edstica importante de <a href=\"\/pt\/grownups\/resilience\/\">resili\u00eancia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t<h3>7. Ajude seu filho adolescente a reconhecer poss\u00edveis gatilhos para comportamentos negativos.<\/h3><p>e praticar estrat\u00e9gias eficazes para lidar com o estresse. <\/p>\n\t\t<h3>8. Incentive seu filho adolescente a participar de clubes sociais, art\u00edsticos e esportivos e de programas de enriquecimento.<\/h3><p>Elas s\u00e3o formas positivas de ganhar respeito e socializar entre colegas e adultos, ao mesmo tempo <a href=\"\/pt\/grownups\/resilience\/\">desenvolvendo um senso de compet\u00eancia e cuidado<\/a> e respeito por si mesmo e pelos outros. <\/p>\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m ajuda pr\u00e9-adolescentes e adolescentes a definir valores pessoais, objetivos e um senso positivo de identidade. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TEENS &amp; TWEENS DEVELOPMENT Opportunity and Discovery Adolescence\u00a0 &#8212; the years between age 10 to about 25 &#8211; is a period of remarkable opportunity. It is a stage of rapid growth, development and learning as\u00a0we discover and adapt to the world around us.\u00a0 In this period of discovery, we forge our sense of who we&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27040,"parent":26895,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26901","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26901"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26901\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26895"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marylandefc.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}